Ghetto historian
Emanuel Ringelblum
Life
1900–1944
He led ZETOS and the secret Oyneg Shabbes archive in Warsaw.
What the sources say
Each block is a sourced statement. Click the number to see the cited page.
4 statements
01
In Warsaw, Emanuel Ringelblum led ZETOS, which ran kitchens, house committees, and aid, in opposition to the Judenrat.
02
Ringelblum organized the secret operation Oyneg Shabbes to gather materials on the martyrdom of Poland's Jews.
03
Thousands of documents went underground in three milk cans plus ten metal boxes. Two cans surfaced in 1946; the boxes, in 1950.
04
Ringelblum reported 600 clandestine synagogues, although worship was banned in most places, including Warsaw.