Statement

The Lateran IV solution, familiar from Islamic rules for religious minorities, was distinction by dress. Secular Christian rulers carried out the vague order by requiring Jews to sew a special badge on their clothes so that they were easily recognized as Jews and thus marked as social outcasts. How far such rules were enforced is hard to tell and varied from place to place.

References

1. p. 189

   supports · main text · ch. 7

   Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman. The Jews: A History. 3rd edition. New York and Abingdon: Routledge, 2019.

   Verification anchor recorded · checked against the page text

2. p. 189

   supports · main text · ch. 7

   Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman. The Jews: A History. 3rd edition. New York and Abingdon: Routledge, 2019.

   Verification anchor recorded · checked against the page text