Statement

Jews never held 'equal rights' in medieval societies, Christian or Muslim, but then hardly anyone did, a notion that would have meant nothing at the time. Jews formed a clearly defined group with certain privileges and with openings closed to the peasant mass. At the same time, as a group they always faced certain restrictions, but that was true of nearly everyone else in medieval society too, nobles aside.

References

1. p. 210

   supports · main text · ch. 7

   Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman. The Jews: A History. 3rd edition. New York and Abingdon: Routledge, 2019.

   Verification anchor recorded · checked against the page text

2. p. 210

   supports · main text · ch. 7

   Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman. The Jews: A History. 3rd edition. New York and Abingdon: Routledge, 2019.

   Verification anchor recorded · checked against the page text