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ZAKHORIUM
PTEN

Date

1939CE

1939–1941

Confiscation, humiliation, and random killings accompanied the occupation, even before the ghettos were sealed.

Antisemitism and persecutionSocial and economic history52.2520°N 20.9980°E
1950
The Holocaust: each bar is an event of the period; this one is in coral.

Sourced narrative

Each block is a verifiable statement. The number opens the cited page; amber or coral blocks flag tradition or contested interpretation.

6 statements

01Evidence and context

01

Germans froze Jewish bank accounts, deposit boxes, and securities; above 2,000 zlotys, weekly withdrawals were capped at 250.

03

In Warsaw alone, Jewish real estate amounted to about 50,000 properties, valued at two billion zlotys.

04

An order of 16 December 1939 stripped Polish Jews in the General Government of disability pensions, unemployment insurance, and sickness benefits.

02

Boryslav, captured on 1 July 1941, held 14,000 Jews; the 4 July massacre killed over 800, according to one of 400 survivors.

05

Szaje Chaskiel recounted that in Czestochowa in January 1940 the Gestapo hanged ten Jews and shot his father for refusing to take part.

06

In August 1941 the Nazis imposed 20 million rubles on Boryslav's Jews; paying 18 rubles, the numeric value of chai, was common.

Context

03

In Warsaw alone, Jewish real estate amounted to about 50,000 properties, valued at two billion zlotys.

04

An order of 16 December 1939 stripped Polish Jews in the General Government of disability pensions, unemployment insurance, and sickness benefits.

05

Szaje Chaskiel recounted that in Czestochowa in January 1940 the Gestapo hanged ten Jews and shot his father for refusing to take part.

§ 01Geography

Where it happened

Gazetteer coordinates (Pleiades for ancient places; Natural Earth and Wikidata for modern ones) over modern physical geography (Natural Earth). Coastlines and the Dead Sea have changed since antiquity.
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§ 04Network

Connections

    § 05Bibliography

    Further reading

    • Yitzhak Arad et al., eds., Documents on the Holocaust: Selected Sources on the Destruction of the Jews in Germany and Austria, Poland, and the Soviet Union (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999).

      Documents on the destruction · recommended in Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 458

    § 06Apparatus

    Sources on this page

    1. 01Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 435inspect
    2. 02Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 436inspect
    3. 03Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 435inspect
    4. 04Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 435inspect
    5. 05Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 436inspect
    6. 06Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 436inspect
    • Documented evidenceAttested by contemporary evidence: texts, inscriptions, coins, papyri or archaeology.
    • Scholarly reconstructionHistorians' inference from indirect evidence.
    • Tradition or narrativeA literary, traditional or religious account; significant in itself, but not independently verified.
    • Contested interpretationScholars explicitly disagree; see the positions in the debate.
    • Illustrative reconstructionA hypothesis or visual scheme to guide reading; not a historical claim.