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ZAKHORIUM

Date

2000CE

2000–2008

Bombings, Operation Defensive Shield, and a succession of plans did not produce a final-status agreement.

Political history31.7772°N 35.2350°E
1950
2000
Into the Present: each bar is an event of the period; this one is in coral.

Sourced narrative

Each block is a verifiable statement. The number opens the cited page; amber or coral blocks flag tradition or contested interpretation.

15 statements

01Evidence and context

03

In July 2000 Clinton brought Ehud Barak and Arafat to Camp David. Each side blamed the other for the failure.

04

On September 28, 2000, Ariel Sharon visited the Temple Mount with over 1,000 police. The second intifada erupted afterward, without being directly caused by the visit.

05

On March 27, 2002, the Passover massacre at Netanya's Park Hotel killed 30 people and injured 140.

01

Operation Defensive Shield, the largest West Bank operation since 1967, wrecked nearly all of the Palestinian civil administration and besieged Arafat's compound in Ramallah.

02

The chapter records about 3,000 Palestinians, 1,000 Israelis, and 64 foreigners killed in the period it describes after Operation Defensive Shield.

06

In March 2002 a Saudi-sponsored Arab initiative proposed withdrawal to the June 1967 lines in exchange for recognition.

07

A group called the Quartet, made up of Washington, Brussels, the UN, and Moscow, offered the Roadmap for Peace, with a final deal aimed at 2005. The plan stalled.

08

In June 2002 Sharon's government began a West Bank barrier. Israelis call it a security fence. Palestinians and supporters call it the apartheid wall.

09

In December 2003 Yossi Beilin and Yasser Abed Rabbo announced the Geneva Accord, in which Palestinians would give up the right of return in exchange for nearly all of the West Bank.

10

At Annapolis in 2007, George W. Bush brought together Ehud Olmert and Mahmoud Abbas. Hamas, then running Gaza, said nothing settled there would bind it.

11

Under John Kerry, talks still aimed at a final-status deal and a two-state solution. The book treats that scenario as a distant dream.

12

Hamas and supporters, from militant groups to non-violent international organizations such as BDS, repeat the slogan "from the river to the sea Palestine will be free," a formula that would end Israel as a Jewish state.

13

Strident voices on the Israeli right, as the chapter reports, treat all of historic Palestine as Israel's, and some advocate expelling the Palestinians.

14

The chapter calls both one-state solutions, the Palestinian and the Israeli-right versions, a recipe for endless injustice.

15

The chapter treats the unsettled status of the Palestinians as Israel's hardest moral and political problem.

Context

03

In July 2000 Clinton brought Ehud Barak and Arafat to Camp David. Each side blamed the other for the failure.

04

On September 28, 2000, Ariel Sharon visited the Temple Mount with over 1,000 police. The second intifada erupted afterward, without being directly caused by the visit.

05

On March 27, 2002, the Passover massacre at Netanya's Park Hotel killed 30 people and injured 140.

§ 01Geography

Where it happened

Gazetteer coordinates (Pleiades for ancient places; Natural Earth and Wikidata for modern ones) over modern physical geography (Natural Earth). Coastlines and the Dead Sea have changed since antiquity.
▮ loading geography

§ 03Historiography

What scholars debate

Positions shown side by side, unranked, as the source reports them. The source’s own assessment appears separately.

Scholarly debate · 01

Which one-state futures does the chapter refuse?

2 positions · no single answer · take a seat →

  1. A

    From the river to the sea

    Hamas and supporters, from militants to non-violent groups such as BDS

    All of historic Palestine would be a Palestinian state, with or without a guarantee of Jewish life inside it.

  2. B

    A Jewish state from river to sea

    Strident voices on the Israeli right, as the chapter reports

    All of historic Palestine would belong to Israel; some advocate expelling the Palestinians.

The source’s assessmentThe chapter warns that annexing the West Bank without full citizenship would produce apartheid and end Israel as a liberal democracy, and calls both one-state solutions a recipe for endless injustice.

Scholarly debate · 02

Did the peace process produce peace or delay?

2 positions · no single answer · take a seat →

  1. A

    Land for peace

    The American and Oslo diplomatic formula

    Gaza and the West Bank would become a Palestinian state, given in return for lasting recognition of Israel.

  2. B

    Process as a tactic

    The chapter's balance

    More emphasis fell on process than on peace, and the parties bought time to avoid concessions.

§ 04Network

Connections

    § 05Bibliography

    Further reading

    • Alan Dowty, Israel/Palestine (Cambridge, England: Polity Press, 2005).

      Israel and Palestine · recommended in Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 517

    § 06Apparatus

    Sources on this page

    1. 01Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 473inspect
    2. 02Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 473inspect
    3. 03Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 472inspect
    4. 04Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 472inspect
    5. 05Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 473inspect
    6. 06Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 473inspect
    7. 07Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 473inspect
    8. 08Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 473inspect
    9. 09Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 473inspect
    10. 10Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 474inspect
    11. 11Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 474inspect
    12. 12Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 474inspect
    13. 13Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 474inspect
    14. 14Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 474inspect
    15. 15Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 474inspect
    • Documented evidenceAttested by contemporary evidence: texts, inscriptions, coins, papyri or archaeology.
    • Scholarly reconstructionHistorians' inference from indirect evidence.
    • Tradition or narrativeA literary, traditional or religious account; significant in itself, but not independently verified.
    • Contested interpretationScholars explicitly disagree; see the positions in the debate.
    • Illustrative reconstructionA hypothesis or visual scheme to guide reading; not a historical claim.